Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy refers to the changes in the retina and its blood vessels due to long standing Hypertension. The changes include narrowing of arterioles, thickening of vessels walls and leakage, which may lead to significant decrease in vision. Adequate control of blood pressure can reverse these changes and prevent further visual loss. Periodic eye check up is also important to detect evidence of retinopathy at the earliest and to institute timely treatment.
Retinal Venous Occlusions
Retinal venous occlusions can involve the central retinal vein or any of its tributaries.. Occlusion of retinal vein leads to the leakage of blood and fluid into the retina resulting in symptoms like decreased or distorted vision, black spots, and floaters.. Fundus Flourescien Angiography is performed to detect the extent of occlusion and to detect macular odema ,ischemia and signs of neovascularization., Laser photocoagulation is done to prevent further bleeding, thus maintaining existing vision.. Most important is treatment of causative factor, if any. eg: Treatment of hypertension, cholesterol or blood dyscrasias
Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies
This includes a group of hereditary disorders eg retinitis pigmentosa etc characterized by difficulty with night vision(night blindness) and loss of vision. Fundus examination and special test called "Electroretinogram" which measures the electrical activity of the retina are done to diagnose and to assess the progression of retinal dystrophies.
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